A New York Times article (Green Column, Oct 9, 2011) describes the airline industry goal to become “carbon neutral” by 2020 and cut emissions by 50 % by 2050, given that they account for 2 % of all human generated carbon emissions. Some of the efficiency come from new designs and materials for aircraft and engines have made engines 70 % more efficient than 40 years ago. Other gains are expected to come from use of biofuels, from palm oil, jatropha weed and algae. But a great source is municipal waste generated by the very cities that these airplanes fly to.  Will these different sources of efficieny enable the industry to reach its goals ? Will fuel sources have to be subsidized to enable the industry to reach its goal while retaining competitiveness ? Will the industry have to slow down its growth and role to attain its goal ?